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The surface of the moon has been measured at 130ºC (266ºF) in the lunar tropics rapidly falling to -173ºC (-280ºF) between midnight and dawn. However, at distances of a metre or more below the surface the temperature is a fairly steady -30ºC (-22ºF).

The Apollo moon mission dates the moon at around 4.5 billion years, or about the same age as the solar system. Most of the disfiguring impact craters are thought to have occurred within the first half-billion years of the moon's existance. The energy involved in the formation of the craters was massive - turning the surface into molten lava which flooded the basins.

Even today, there is no universal agreement among scientists as to how the moon formed. There are three popular theories, however. First that a piece of the rapidly-spinning molten Earth was flung into space, second that the moon formed independently as a planet from the primordial cloud and finally that it originated elsewhere and was captured by the Earth's gravitation as it passed by.

.... is sometimes the most informative and entertaining.